More than 700 individuals from over 40 countries gathered this week at Loma Linda University (LLU) for the 5^th International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition, organized by LLU School of Public Health. The event is the world’s major scientific conference on the vegetarian diet. The congress, held March 4–6, featured lecturers from across North America, Europe and South America, including several who presented new, unpublished research. This year’s event opened on Tuesday, March 4 with a lecture by Dr. David Heber of the University of California at Los Angeles, who spoke about cancer and nutrigenomics.

The congress closed on Thursday, March 6 with a symposium on the relationship of food production to climate change. In between, experts discussed the vegetarian diet’s relationship to everything from diabetes to cardiovascular disease to aging.

“These experts offered cutting-edge information on a wide spectrum of topics related to vegetarian nutrition,” says Dr. Joan Sabaté, chair of the congress and of the department of nutrition at LLU School of Public Health.

The proceedings of the congress will be published in a special supplement to The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Attendee Mr. Kenneth Sandstrom of Nora, Sweden, noted that while reports on nutrition are often conflicting, he felt confident in the quality of the data presented at the congress.

“I trust the information that I get here,” he said.

Two debates took place during the congress. The first considered whether vegetarians should include fish in their diet in order to receive optimal cardiovascular protection. A second debate addressed whether dairy foods belong in a healthy vegetarian diet. The audience also heard differing viewpoints as to whether a high-vegetable protein diet or a low-fat vegan diet is more conducive to weight loss and glycemic control.

Over the years the International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition has offered a platform for the expansion of the knowledge base on the vegetarian diet. With a goal of integrating current knowledge, the first international congress, held in 1987 in Washington, D.C., was planned to examine the evidence relative to the effects of vegetarian diets on various populations.

Subsequent congresses were held in 1992, 1997 and 2002. These broadened the scope of topics for discussion.

“Since 2002, the interest in plant-based diets, and particularly vegetarian diets, has increased,” said Dr. Sabate. “We have seen a 60 percent increase in attendance this year as compared to six years ago. In addition, more public health practitioners are attending the event.”